Perceived teacher-referenced GenAI normative tension is positively associated with self-reported learning-oriented GenAI use among Chinese university students¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 3 studies · 3 associational r2–r3 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 In the theory-constrained six-path model, PNT was positively associated with self-reported LOU (β = 0.568, p < 0.001), and the model explained 32.2% of variance in LOU. → Yang Z 2026 q2 i? All six specified structural paths, including the focal PNT–LOU path, were positive and statistically significant and consistent with H1–H6. → Yang Z 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Yang Z 2026¶

Yang Z, Yang Y and Liu W (2026) Self-reported learning-oriented GenAI use under perceived teacher-referenced normative tension in Chinese higher education. Front. Psychol. 17:1969743. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969743

q2 · i3 · associational · r3

Covariance-based SEM of cross-sectional survey data from 1,004 students at three public Chinese universities. The covariate-adjusted model reports the focal path, noting it 'was β = 0.570, p < 0.001, compared with β = 0.568 in the unadjusted model', confirming the unadjusted standardised coefficient of 0.568.

"PNT → LOU was β = 0.570, p < 0.001, compared with β = 0.568 in the unadjusted model."

Yang Z 2026 (2)¶

Yang Z, Yang Y and Liu W (2026) Self-reported learning-oriented GenAI use under perceived teacher-referenced normative tension in Chinese higher education. Front. Psychol. 17:1969743. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969743

q2 · i? · associational · r3

Primary structural results for the six-path model (χ2(269) = 400.03, CFI = 0.988, RMSEA = 0.022, SRMR = 0.055). The article reports that 'All six specified coefficients were positive and statistically significant', covering the focal PNT–LOU path and the five positioning paths.

"All six specified coefficients were positive and statistically significant and were consistent with H1–H6 within the theory-constrained model."

Yang Z 2026 (3)¶

Yang Z, Yang Y and Liu W (2026) Self-reported learning-oriented GenAI use under perceived teacher-referenced normative tension in Chinese higher education. Front. Psychol. 17:1969743. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1969743

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Explained-variance results for the endogenous constructs in the hypothesised structural model, reported alongside Figure 2 and Table 6. The model 'explained 32.2% of the variance in LOU', with the remaining variance in ACS, SRL, and CT also reported.

"The six-path model explained 32.2% of the variance in LOU, 25.4% in ACS, 32.2% in SRL, and 23.9% in CT."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The five-factor measurement representation (PNT, LOU, ACS, SRL, CT) showed unusually close fit, replicated in a held-out subsample, and the constructs did not collapse into one general tendency — related
• The PNT–LOU association remains positive after adjustment for guidance clarity, demographic covariates, institution exclusion, and ordinal estimation — related
• The six-path specification was structurally incomplete: exploratory direct paths from PNT to ACS, SRL, and CT improved fit beyond the hypothesised model — related
• Temporal direction between PNT and LOU could not be identified: the reversed specification was observationally equivalent — related
• PLS-SEM and CB-SEM estimators converge on the direction and significance of all hypothesised relationships, supporting robustness of the findings — related