Perceived independence did not mediate a significant indirect effect of layered AI feedback on learning performance¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? The indirect effect through perceived independence was not significant (Ind = 0.05, p = .61). → Jie Cao 2026

Evidence¶

Jie Cao 2026¶

Jie Cao, Chloe Qianhui Zhao, Christian Schunn, Elizabeth A. McLaughlin, Jionghao Lin, Kenneth R. Koedinger. (2026). Assessing the Impact and Underlying Pathways of Sequenced AI Feedback on Student Learning. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07469 doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.07469

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Same mediation model; perceived independence did not significantly predict post-test (B = 0.14, p = .59) and its indirect effect was non-significant. The authors attribute this possibly to its correlation with perceived encouragement.

"However, there is no significant positive indirect effect through perceived independence (Ind= 0.05,SE= 0.10,p=.61,95%CI[−0.126,0.253])."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Layered AI feedback was perceived as more encouraging and independence-supporting but imposed higher mental effort — related
• The total effect of layered feedback on learning outcomes was significantly negative, with an unmediated negative direct effect — related
• A negative behavioral path through frequent resubmissions counteracted the affective benefit of layered feedback — related
• Perceived risk negatively predicts use behavior and operates as a stage-sensitive deterrent, activated at submission and evaluation rather than initial exploration — related