Parents' praise styles were stable across child ages 14-38 months, with person praise declining and other praise increasing¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2013 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2018: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
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q2 i? Process praise use was significantly correlated across the three ages, while person praise declined from 14 to 38 months, t(52) = −5.56, p < .001. → Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013
Evidence¶
Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013¶
Gunderson Elizabeth A., Gripshover Sarah J., Romero Carissa, Dweck Carol S., Goldin-Meadow Susan, Levine Susan C. (2013). Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later. Child development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12064
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Longitudinal change analysis within the same sample; process praise as a percent of total praise did not significantly differ between 14 and 38 months, t(52) = 1.37, p = .18, and overall praise as a percent of utterances stayed near 3%. No standardized effect size is printed.
"parents' use of person praise as a percent of total praise was significantly lower at 38 months than at 14 months, t(52) = −5.56, p < .001, whereas parents' use of other praise as a percent of total praise was significantly higher at 38 months than at 14 months, t(52) = 4.70, p < .001"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Repeated encouragement and praise causally increased 13- and 14-month-olds' helping of an adult who dropped an object — related
- Parents' naturalistic process praise at child ages 14-38 months predicts children's incremental motivational frameworks at age 7-8 — related
- Parents' person praise at 14-38 months was not associated with children's later entity frameworks — related
- Parents' own incremental theories did not predict their process praise use or their children's motivational frameworks, and counter-intuitively correlated with more person praise — related
- Process praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade math and reading comprehension achievement via children's incremental motivational frameworks — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
praise-style-stability-toddlerhood |
title |
Parents' praise styles were stable across child ages 14-38 months, with person praise declining and other praise increasing |
description |
Parents' praise styles were stable across child ages 14-38 months, with person praise declining and other praise increasing |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2013 |
recheck_by |
2018 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-17 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — gunderson-elizabeth-a-2013 |
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