Parents' naturalistic process praise at child ages 14-38 months predicts children's incremental motivational frameworks at age 7-8¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2013 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i2 Process praise (as a percent of total praise) at 14-38 months correlated with children's motivational framework scores at 7-8 years, r(51) = .35, p = .01. → Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013 q2 i2 In regression, cumulative process praise predicted later frameworks, β = .34, p < .05, accounting for 11.9 percent of the variance, and remained significant after controls for total praise, parents' theories, SES, overall talk, and child gender. → Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013 (2)

Evidence¶

Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013¶

Gunderson Elizabeth A., Gripshover Sarah J., Romero Carissa, Dweck Carol S., Goldin-Meadow Susan, Levine Susan C. (2013). Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later. Child development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12064

q2 · i2 · associational · r2

Longitudinal observational analysis of 53 parent-child dyads from the greater Chicago area, coding praise in 90-minute home videos at 14, 26, and 38 months. The printed effect size was r = .35 ("r(51) = .35, p = .01"); the relation was positive in both the intelligence (r = .26, p = .06) and sociomoral (r = .29, p < .05) domains and at each observed age (14 months r = .27, p = .05; 26 months r = .21, p = .13; 38 months r = .32, p < .05), though not significant in every case.

"we found a significant correlation between parents' use of process praise as a percent of total praise when children were 1-3 years old and children's motivational framework score at age 7-8, r(51) = .35, p = .01"

Gunderson Elizabeth A. 2013 (2)¶

Gunderson Elizabeth A., Gripshover Sarah J., Romero Carissa, Dweck Carol S., Goldin-Meadow Susan, Levine Susan C. (2013). Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later. Child development. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12064

q2 · i2 · associational · r2

Simultaneous regression models (Table 3) tested process praise against confounds one at a time; "none of the control variables significantly predicted children's motivational frameworks over and above process praise", and stepwise methods selected the process-praise-only model as best fitting. The regression reports the standardized coefficient (β = .34) and the variance explained (11.9 percent).

"parents' cumulative use of process praise was a significant predictor of children's motivational frameworks at age 7-8 years, β = .34, p < .05, accounting for 11.9 percent of the variance in children's motivational frameworks"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Repeated encouragement and praise causally increased 13- and 14-month-olds' helping of an adult who dropped an object — related
• Parents' own incremental theories did not predict their process praise use or their children's motivational frameworks, and counter-intuitively correlated with more person praise — related
• Parents' person praise at 14-38 months was not associated with children's later entity frameworks — related
• Parents' praise styles were stable across child ages 14-38 months, with person praise declining and other praise increasing — related
• Process praise to toddlers predicts fourth grade math and reading comprehension achievement via children's incremental motivational frameworks — a broader claim this one bears on
• Process praise effects persist after controlling for overall parent talk and SES, suggesting they are not proxies for general engagement — related
• Boys received more process praise and scored higher in 4th grade math than girls in this sample — related