Before the treatment, students held an overall negative attitude toward listening¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2013 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2018: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? At pretest, the correlation between the overall attitude score and negative items was much higher than with positive items, indicating a negative baseline attitude. → Ghassemi 2013

Evidence¶

Ghassemi 2013¶

Mojtaba Ghassemi. (2013). The impact of Cooperative Materials Adaptation on Listening Comprehension Performance of Iranian EFL Learners. English Language Teaching, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n2p45

q2 · i? · causal · r2

First administration of the attitude questionnaire before treatment, analyzed with Chi-Square (Pearson Chi-Square 138.895, df 4, Sig. .000) and Spearman's rho (.620 positive, .848 negative with total). The author concludes students had "an overall negative attitude toward listening" at baseline.

"the correlation between the overa ll score and the negative section is much higher than the correlation between the overall score and the score of the positive section at the significant level of 0.01. This suggests that the students have an overall negative attitude toward listening."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Students' attitudes toward listening shifted from negative before the treatment to positive after cooperative materials adaptation — related
• Most students in the CL class held positive attitudes toward cooperative learning, including perceived listening gains — reports the opposite