Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q2
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because a design page cites it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? In a small-scale study at an American university, students motivated to learn the language reported frequently producing L2 private speech, while requirement-enrolled students reported little PS. → Karimi-Aghdam 2020
Evidence¶
Karimi-Aghdam 2020¶
Karimi-Aghdam, S., & Lantolf, J. P. (2020). Dialectical Emergence of Language and Consciousness in Society: An Interview with Professor James P. Lantolf. The Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 8(2), 3-21. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED610078
q2 · i? · associational · r1
Lantolf describes a small-scale self-report study of language students at an American university, contrasting requirement-enrolled students with interested students. The former "did not produce much in the way of PS" while the latter frequently produced L2 private speech, even outside class. No effect size is printed.
"When we investigated language students at an American university, we found that those who were enrolled in class in order to fulfill a language requirement reported that they did not produce much in the way of PS, while those students who said that they were interested in learning the language reported that they frequently produced L2 PS"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Meaningful L2 learning is achieved through a conducive environment and authentic tasks and materials — related
- Motivation correlates positively and significantly with L2 willingness to communicate among Turkish EFL preparatory students — related
- Self Talk Improves Learning And Performance — related
- Low anxiety, high self-confidence, and motivation are presented as affective variables facilitating L2 acquisition — a broader claim this one bears on
- The ZPD is falsely equated with Krashen's i+1 and with scaffolding in second language studies — related
- Students in the style-informed EFL classes reported that the teaching procedure was useful and that their interests and motivation increased — related
- Student-centered writing environments are argued to lower anxiety, increase confidence, and provide natural language contexts — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
private-speech-associated-l2-development-motivation |
title |
Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language |
description |
Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2020 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — karimi-aghdam-2020 |
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