Claims

Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Evidence quality · No study behind this claim is a peer-reviewed article with a DOI: it rests on an ERIC document (a report, conference paper or thesis). It is kept because a design page cites it; treat it as a lead to check, not an established finding.

Subclaims

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i? In a small-scale study at an American university, students motivated to learn the language reported frequently producing L2 private speech, while requirement-enrolled students reported little PS. → Karimi-Aghdam 2020

Evidence

Karimi-Aghdam 2020

Karimi-Aghdam, S., & Lantolf, J. P. (2020). Dialectical Emergence of Language and Consciousness in Society: An Interview with Professor James P. Lantolf. The Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 8(2), 3-21. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED610078

q2 · i? · associational · r1

Lantolf describes a small-scale self-report study of language students at an American university, contrasting requirement-enrolled students with interested students. The former "did not produce much in the way of PS" while the latter frequently produced L2 private speech, even outside class. No effect size is printed.

"When we investigated language students at an American university, we found that those who were enrolled in class in order to fulfill a language requirement reported that they did not produce much in the way of PS, while those students who said that they were interested in learning the language reported that they frequently produced L2 PS"

Discussion

Page metadata
Field Value
type claim
id private-speech-associated-l2-development-motivation
title Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language
description Second language learners' private speech is associated with L2 development and motivation to learn the language
status review
evidence_strength weak
newest_evidence 2020
generated by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-27
trust unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
sources 1 — karimi-aghdam-2020

Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.