Beginner EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2011 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Beginner learners receiving proactive FOF outperformed those receiving reactive FOF on the grammar achievement posttest (t(40) = 2.38, p = .022). → Naeimeh Bakshiri 2011
Evidence¶
Naeimeh Bakshiri 2011¶
Naeimeh Bakshiri, Arshya Keyvanfar. (2011). Time Matters: Proactive vs. Reactive FOF. i-manager's Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. 1 No. 2, April - June 2011. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1071093 doi:10.26634/jelt.1.2.1457
q2 · i? · causal · r2
Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest nonequivalent-groups study of 42 beginner Iranian EFL learners (22 proactive, 20 reactive), 22 sessions with 20 minutes of grammar instruction. The independent-samples t-test showed a significant posttest difference, with the proactive group mean of "M= 23.45, SD = 2.89" exceeding the reactive group's 21.40.
"The t-test conducted between the beginner proactive (M= 23.45, SD = 2.89) and reactive groups (M= 21.40, SD = 2.68) resulted in t(40) = 2.38. p =.022 (two-tailed), indicating that there was a significant difference between the means of the two groups at the end of the treatment."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Syntax — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Proactive FOF improved grammar more than reactive FOF at both beginner and upper-intermediate proficiency levels — a broader claim this one bears on
- Upper-intermediate EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF — related
- Preselection of grammar points in proactive FOF reduced learners' repetition and fossilization of erroneous forms — related
- Reactive FOF is more time-consuming than proactive FOF, reducing opportunities to elaborate on preselected grammar points — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
proactive-fof-beats-reactive-beginners-grammar |
title |
Beginner EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF |
description |
Beginner EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2011 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-28 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — naeimeh-bakshiri-2011 |
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