Upper-intermediate EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2011 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Upper-intermediate learners receiving proactive FOF outperformed those receiving reactive FOF on the grammar achievement posttest (t(44) = 2.612, p = .012). → Naeimeh Bakshiri 2011
Evidence¶
Naeimeh Bakshiri 2011¶
Naeimeh Bakshiri, Arshya Keyvanfar. (2011). Time Matters: Proactive vs. Reactive FOF. i-manager's Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. 1 No. 2, April - June 2011. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1071093 doi:10.26634/jelt.1.2.1457
q2 · i? · causal · r2
Quasi-experimental comparison of 46 upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners (22 proactive, 24 reactive) after 22 sessions. The independent-samples t-test on grammar posttest scores showed the proactive group significantly ahead, with a printed mean difference of 2.273 in the results table.
"the researchers found a significant difference between the scores of the proactive group (M= 22.64, SD = 3.001) and the reactive group (M= 20.00, SD = 2.798) at the upper-intermediate level with t(44) = 2.612. p =.012 (two-tailed)"
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Syntax — outcome: instruction changes it
Related Claims¶
- Proactive FOF improved grammar more than reactive FOF at both beginner and upper-intermediate proficiency levels — a broader claim this one bears on
- Beginner EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF — related
- Reactive FOF is more time-consuming than proactive FOF, reducing opportunities to elaborate on preselected grammar points — related
- Preselection of grammar points in proactive FOF reduced learners' repetition and fossilization of erroneous forms — related
- Explicit L2 grammar instruction leads to larger learning effects than implicit instruction, as reported in the reviewed synthesis literature — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
proactive-fof-beats-reactive-upper-intermediate-grammar |
title |
Upper-intermediate EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF |
description |
Upper-intermediate EFL learners taught with proactive FOF scored significantly higher on a grammar posttest than learners taught with reactive FOF |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2011 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-28 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — naeimeh-bakshiri-2011 |
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