Sign priming effects in addition occur for large, small, and +1 problems but not for tie or +0 problems in older adults¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2018 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 For addition in older adults, presenting the sign before the operands significantly facilitated large (43 ms), small (55 ms), and +1 (34 ms) problems, but not tie (24 ms, p = .31) or +0 (25 ms, F < 1) problems. → Thevenot 2018

Evidence¶

Thevenot 2018¶

Thevenot, C., Dewi, J., Bagnoud, J., Wolfer, P., Fayol, M., & Castel, C. (2018). The use of automated procedures by older adults with high arithmetic skills during addition problem solving. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED

q3 · i2 · causal · r2

Planned comparisons in the older-adult sample of the sign priming experiment. Priming was significant for large, small, and +1 additions, whereas "tie problems (24 ms, F(1, 42) = 1.04, p = .31)" and +0 problems showed no significant facilitation.

"For addition in older adults, presenting the sign before the operands was facilitating for large problems (43 ms, F(1, 42) = 5.44, ηp2 = .11, p = .02), small problems (55 ms, F(1, 42) = 7.11, ηp2 = .15, p = .01) and problems involving 1 (34 ms, F(1, 42) = 17.19, ηp2 = .29, p < .001), but not for tie problems (24 ms, F(1, 42) = 1.04, p = .31) nor for problems involving 0 (25 ms, F(1, 42) < 1)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Bayesian analyses strongly support sign priming for small addition problems in older adults but only anecdotal support for +1 problems — related
• Older adults' slowdown relative to young adults is far smaller for problems interpreted as procedurally solved than for retrieval-solved problems — related
• Presenting the '+' sign 150 ms before operands speeds up addition problem solving in expert older adults, replicating the effect found in young adults — a broader claim this one bears on
• Problem type modulated solution times, with large problems slowest and +1 problems fastest in both age groups — related
• Previously identified effects in single digit multiplication, including the problem size effect and the tie effect, replicate in an integrated item-difficulty analysis. — related