Prospective regression analysis of the same data found somewhat larger sex differences in the same direction¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 1992 · checked against its sources 2026-10-18 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q3 i? When the same data were analyzed prospectively with regression, sex differences in SAT-M scores were somewhat larger than in the matched-sample analysis and pointed in the same direction. → Howard Wainer 1992

Evidence¶

Howard Wainer 1992¶

Howard Wainer, Linda Steinberg. (1992). Sex Differences in Performance on the Mathematics Section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test: A Bidirectional Validity Study. Harvard Educational Review. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.62.3.1p1555011301r133

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Prospective regression analysis of the same dataset as the matched comparison. The article reports "somewhat larger sex differences in the same direction" than the 33-point matched gap; no regression coefficients or effect sizes are printed in the available text.

"The authors then analyzed the same data using prospective regression analysis and found somewhat larger sex differences in the same direction."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Systematic racial, ethnic and gender differences in grades persist among students with the same test scores, attendance, courses and teachers — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
Women scored about 33 SAT-M points lower than men who took the same math course and received the same grade — related
The score gaps constitute evidence of sex differences in the validity of the SAT-M as a predictor of college math performance, though not of their cause — related
SAT scores underpredict the academic performance of high school girls, who average lower scores than boys despite higher grades — related
Girls score lower than boys on timed standardized math and science tests at the same course level, and SAT math scores underpredict women's college math performance — related

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`prospective-regression-larger-sex-differences-sat-m`
`title`	`Prospective regression analysis of the same data found somewhat larger sex differences in the same direction`
`description`	`Prospective regression analysis of the same data found somewhat larger sex differences in the same direction`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`moderate`
`newest_evidence`	`1992`
`source_checked`	`2026-10-18`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-15`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	1 — `howard-wainer-1992`

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