Qualitative analysis found radiation became perceptible in VR for all participants, while all reported operability differences favoring conventional training¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? All 20 participants reported that radiation invisible during conventional training became perceptible in VR, and all 20 reported operability differences, citing absent haptic feedback and distance-judgment difficulty. → Kakimoto Akihiro 2026

Evidence¶

Kakimoto Akihiro 2026¶

Kakimoto Akihiro, Fujise Daisuke, Watanabe Shota, Otaka Yutaka, Minemoto Sakura, Yasumatsu Ayaka, Hasegawa Shin. (2026). Development and Educational Evaluation of a Radiation Visualization System in a Virtual Reality Training Module for Radiopharmaceutical Administration: Mixed Methods Study of Students’ Learning Experiences. JMIR Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.2196/104397

q2 · i? · causal · r1

KJ-method qualitative descriptive analysis of open-ended responses from all 20 participants identified five themes; 15 participants reported heightened safety awareness and 8 emphasized conventional training for procedural skill development. Frequencies are descriptive, not outcome measures.

"All participants (20/20) reported that radiation, which was not directly observable during conventional training, became perceptible in the VR-based training environment."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Visual Processing — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Immersive technologies such as virtual reality should reinforce, not substitute, the original educational action — the general claim this finding bears on, with the studies behind it
• No significant differences between VR-based and conventional training in operational understanding, technical skills, or system usability — related
• VR-based training received significantly higher ratings for medical safety awareness and radiation protection than conventional training (r=0.856) — related
• VR-based training with radiation field visualization received significantly higher ratings for radiation understanding and visualization than conventional training (r=0.878) — related
• Conventional training received significantly higher ratings for perceived realism and immersion than VR-based training (r=0.774) — related
• Increased perceptual fidelity fails to reliably improve serious game learning outcomes (the fidelity fallacy) — related