RAN predicts irregular word spelling in Yrs 5–6, regular word spelling in Yrs 2 and 6, and pseudoword spelling in Yr 2, varying with spelling experience¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2022 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Relative to no RAN effect in Yr R, RAN significantly predicted irregular word spelling in Yrs 5 and 6, regular word spelling in Yrs 2 and 6, and pseudoword spelling in Yr 2. → Niolaki 2022

Evidence¶

Niolaki 2022¶

Niolaki, G., Vousden, J., Terzopoulos, A., Shepherd, D.-L., Debney, L., & Masterson, J. (2022). Spelling predictors; investigating the role of phonological ability and rapid naming in a large cross-sectional British study. Learning and Instruction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101635

q3 · i? · associational · r2

Mixed-model RAN-by-year interactions for 641 children controlling for reading and sublexical knowledge; significant RAN effects appeared only in specific year groups per word type (e.g., Yr 2*RAN for regular words, t = -4.1).

"RAN was a significant predictor of irregular word spelling only in Yrs 5 and 6. RAN was also predicting regular word spelling in Yr 2 and 6 and pseudoword spelling in Yr 2."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Processing Speed — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Phonological awareness predicts irregular word spelling from Yr 2 onward but does not predict regular word or pseudoword spelling at any year group — related
• Spelling accuracy for irregular words, regular words and pseudowords improves significantly with year group (spelling experience) — related
• Reading is the strongest predictor of spelling across all word types, while sublexical knowledge predicts pseudoword spelling only and is negatively associated with irregular word spelling — related