Metacognitive reflection training improves young children's DCCS performance, with behavioral and neural changes¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (3 entries) · associational r? · q2
Currency · newest study 2017 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 3 of 3 entries) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Training with corrective feedback and instructions to reflect on the task led to substantial DCCS improvements in 2- to 4-year-olds, greater untrained-DCCS gains than controls, reduced N2 amplitude and increased reaction time. → Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017 q2 i? Preschoolers trained to explain task rules to a puppet improved from pre-test to post-test and outperformed controls, with higher left PFC activation after training. → Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017 (2) q2 i? Older children (6-10 years) prepare more effectively before responding in self-paced task switching, indicating age-related growth in EF monitoring. → Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017 (3)

Evidence¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J (2017). Development and Plasticity of Cognitive Flexibility in Early and Middle Childhood. Front. Psychol. 8:1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01040

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review reports, citing Espinet et al. (2013), three experiments showing reflection training gains in 2- to 4-year-olds, plus "a significant reduction of the N2 amplitude" and increased reaction time during DCCS performance.

"training with corrective feedback and instruction to reflect on the task led to substantial improvements in DCCS performance in 2- to 4-years-old. Compared to controls, trained children benefitted more on an untrained version of the DCCS."

Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017 (2)¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J (2017). Development and Plasticity of Cognitive Flexibility in Early and Middle Childhood. Front. Psychol. 8:1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01040

q2 · i? · causal · r?

The review reports, citing Moriguchi et al. (2015), two experiments in which 3- to 5-year-olds explained task rules to a puppet to foster metacognitive reflection; the trained group "performed significantly better than the control group at post-test."

"the experimental group improved from pre-test to post-test and performed significantly better than the control group at post-test. Moreover, using NIRS Moriguchi et al. (2015) showed a higher activation in the left PFC after training"

Buttelmann F and Karbach J 2017 (3)¶

Buttelmann F and Karbach J (2017). Development and Plasticity of Cognitive Flexibility in Early and Middle Childhood. Front. Psychol. 8:1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01040

q2 · i? · associational · r?

The review reports, citing Chevalier and Blaye (2016), a study recording gaze position during a self-paced task-switching paradigm in 6- to 10-year-olds; "older children were better prepared than younger ones when they responded."

"Both the analysis of gaze trajectories and performance showed that older children were better prepared than younger ones when they responded, even though younger participants could have taken more time to prepare their response."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

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