Retained third and sixth graders were placed in special education at about three times the rate of comparable low-achieving students¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2004 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? On average 18 percent of third and sixth graders retained in 1997-2000 were placed in special education within two years, roughly triple the rate of low-achieving students before the policy and of promoted low achievers. → Nagaoka 2004

Evidence¶

Nagaoka 2004¶

Nagaoka, J., & Roderick, M. (2004). Ending Social Promotion: The Effects of Retention. Consortium on Chicago School Research. https://consortium.uchicago.edu/publications/ending-social-promotion-effects-retention

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Tracking of retained cohorts under the CPS promotional policy shows an 18 percent special education placement rate within two years, "a rate three times that of low-achieving students prior to the introduction of the policy" and nearly three times higher than promoted low achievers.

"On average, 18 percent of third and sixth graders retained in the 1997-1998, 1998-1999, and 1999-2000 school years were placed in special education within two years of the retention decision—a rate three times that of low-achieving students prior to the introduction of the policy"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Learning Disabilities and Developmental Differences — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Students were identified for special education after failing the promotion gate, not before taking it — related
• Retained sixth graders had lower achievement growth than promoted low-achieving counterparts — related
• Retained students showed smaller three-year achievement gains than previously socially promoted students, though Rasch adjustment erased the gap for once-retained third graders — related
• Fewer than 60 percent of retained third and sixth graders in 1998 and 1999 raised their test scores to the promotional cutoff even with an extra January chance to pass — related