Excluding a middle 'normal' school group raises the association between school retardation/advancement and median-mentality to Q = +.85¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 1918 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? When 7-year-olds in the normal grades (2B and 2A, and correspondingly at other ages) are eliminated, the four-class association between school retarded/advanced and below/above median mentality reaches Q = +.85 across all three schools combined. → Toops 1918

Evidence¶

Toops 1918¶

Toops, H. A., and Pintker, R. (1918). Mentality and School Progress. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Mentality+and+School+Progress+Toops+Pintner

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Analysis of group mental-test and grade data from three schools (children of superior, medium, and inferior social status), ages 6 to 16. Eliminating the normal school group yields "QFV = +.85", which the authors call "a very high degree of relationship between mentality and school grade"; no standardized effect size is printed.

"We, therefore, proceeded to calculate Q with the school "Normal" children eliminated-- that is, with all 7-year-old children in grades 2B and 2A eliminated, and correspondingly for the other ages. We thus secure QFV = +.85."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• The school of highest social status shows a consistently greater rate of increase in median mental age relative to chronological age across grades, yet a smaller retardation percentage (33.5% vs 38.4%) than the lowest-status school — related
• Four or more grades of school retardation perfectly indicates a mentality not above normal, and more than one grade of advancement perfectly indicates a mentality not below normal (Q = +1.00) — related
• Kornhauser's reported association of Q = +.61 between parental economic standing and children's intelligence depends on excluding the normal group; including normals lowers it to about +.30 — related
• Eliminating both the normal school and normal mentality (I.Q.) groups yields Q = +.97 between school retarded/advanced and mentally backward/bright — related
• Schools retard more children than mentality levels would predict: 36.8% are below normal in school versus 20.1% below normal in mentality — related
• Median age per grade, not per cent of retardation, is the best single statement of the age-grade situation for most practical purposes — related