Students who transitioned into or remained in the Self-Determined profile showed the greatest improvements in AI literacy¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2–r3 · q2 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Post-test AI literacy regressed on transition classes controlling for pre-test literacy showed greater gains for students remaining in or moving to the Self-Determined profile. → Liang 2026 q2 i2 The Disengaged-to-Self-Determined transition path was associated with an AI literacy change of d = 0.49. → Liang 2026 (2)

Evidence¶

Liang 2026¶

Liang, S., Yau, K. W., Meng, H., Chiu, T. K. F., King, I., Yam, Y., & Chai, C. S. (2026). From disengaged to self-determined: A latent transition analysis of students' AI learning motivation. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13998-y

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Step 5 of the LTA regressed post-test AI literacy on transition classes controlling for pre-test AI literacy (Table 9). The quote reports the overall pattern; Table 9 shows significant changes for Developing no-transition (d = 0.23), Developing-to-Self-Determined (d = 0.27), and Self-Determined no-transition (d = 0.30) paths.

"students who remained in or transitioned to the Self-Determined profile demonstrated greater improvements in AI literacy compared with students who remained in lower motivational profiles."

Liang 2026 (2)¶

Liang, S., Yau, K. W., Meng, H., Chiu, T. K. F., King, I., Yam, Y., & Chai, C. S. (2026). From disengaged to self-determined: A latent transition analysis of students' AI learning motivation. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13998-y

q2 · i2 · associational · r3

Table 9 row for the Disengaged-to-Self-Determined transition path reports a change of AI literacy of M = 7.06 (S.E. = 2.45, p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.49), the largest gain among the printed transition paths.

"Disengaged Self-Determined 7.06 2.45 0.007 0.49"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• During a year-long AI curriculum, most students maintained or moved upward in motivational profile, with substantial upward transitions out of the Disengaged profile — related
• Greater prior AI learning experience and female gender predicted upward motivational profile transitions — related
• Secondary students in AI learning fall into three distinct SDT-based motivational profiles — Disengaged, Developing, and Self-Determined — at both pre- and post-test — a broader claim this one bears on