Self-regulation of study time increases with age: adults exceed 14-year-olds, who exceed 10-year-olds, though self-regulation is already established at age 10¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2021 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2026: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? Gamma-based self-regulation performance increased across age groups, with adults highest and 10-year-olds lowest, while all groups' gammas differed significantly from zero. → Gönül 2021
Evidence¶
Gönül 2021¶
Gönül, G., Tsalas, N., Paulus, M. (2021). The effect of time pressure on metacognitive control: developmental changes in self-regulation and efficiency during learning. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-021-09262-y
q3 · i? · causal · r2
Post-hoc pairwise comparisons from the gamma correlation GLMM in the study time allocation experiment. One-sample t-tests showed all age groups' gamma values differed from zero (all ps ≤ 0.0005), indicating self-regulation is coupled by age 10 but still refines across adolescence.
"Post-hoc tests showed 10-year-old had weaker performance in self-regulation than 14-year-olds, t(357) = 3.167, p = 0.003, and adults , t (357) = 5.701, p < 0.001, and 14-year olds had weaker performance in self-regulation than adults, t(357) = 2.418, p = 0.013."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Time pressure weakens monitoring-based self-regulation of study time: gamma correlations between judgments of learning and study time are stronger in the untimed than the timed condition — related
- Judgments of learning are higher for easy than difficult items at all ages and increase with age, confirming the difficulty manipulation aligned with subjective difficulty — related
- Learning efficiency increases with age, with adults and 14-year-olds more efficient than 10-year-olds, and no age-by-condition interaction — related
- Study time allocation becomes more strategic with age: older learners allocate relatively more time to difficult items, and the easy-difficult allocation gap is larger in the untimed condition — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
self-regulation-study-time-increases-with-age |
title |
Self-regulation of study time increases with age: adults exceed 14-year-olds, who exceed 10-year-olds, though self-regulation is already established at age 10 |
description |
Self-regulation of study time increases with age: adults exceed 14-year-olds, who exceed 10-year-olds, though self-regulation is already established at age 10 |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2021 |
recheck_by |
2026 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-18 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — gönül-2021 |
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