School climate measurement relies heavily on student self-report questionnaires, with families and observational methods rarely represented¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? 97.97% of included studies used a questionnaire or survey format, and students were respondents in 68.7% of studies, with families involved in only 1.7%. → Castro 2026

Evidence¶

Castro 2026¶

Castro, C., Barata, M. C., Alexandre, J., & Santos, R. (2026). Placing Social and Emotional Support at the Center of School Climate: A Scoping Review of Measures for Middle and Secondary Schools. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10192-x

q3 · i? · review · r2

Descriptive study-level results of the scoping review (Table 1). The review reports participants were "more often students (68.7%)" and that perspectives of families, teachers, or other educational staff were less often considered, with observation infrequent.

"Regarding the measures used in these studies, the format was more often a questionnaire or survey (97.97%; e.g., Cuestionario de Clima Social del Centro Escolar"

Discussion¶

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