At-risk children in SWPBIS schools are slightly less likely to receive an office discipline referral than at-risk peers in comparison schools (41.3% vs 46.5%, d = -0.13)¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i0negligible
Currency · newest study 2015 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i0 At-risk children in SWPBIS schools were significantly less likely to receive an ODR than at-risk peers in comparison schools (41.3% vs. 46.5%, d = -0.13). → Bradshaw 2015
Evidence¶
Bradshaw 2015¶
Bradshaw, C. P., Waasdorp, T. E., & Leaf, P. J. (2015). Examining Variation in the Impact of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037630
q3 · i0 · causal · r2
Within-class comparison of SWPBIS versus comparison schools in the 4-year group-randomized effectiveness trial, using teacher-reported office disciplinary referrals aggregated over five time points. The "at-risk children in the SWPBIS schools were significantly less likely to receive an ODR" with d = -0.13.
"The at-risk children in the SWPBIS schools were significantly less likely to receive an ODR than their at-risk peers in the comparison schools (41.3% vs. 46.5%, d = -0.13)."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- SWPBIS effects on discipline referrals and school services tended to be greatest among children rated at-risk or high-risk at baseline — a broader claim this one bears on
- SWPBIS does not significantly reduce out-of-school suspensions in this trial — related
- SWPBIS produces a very small reduction in teacher-rated concentration problems among elementary school children (ES = 0.08) — related
- SWPBIS reduces the odds of receiving an office discipline referral — a broader claim this one bears on
- SWPBIS reduced receipt of counseling for inappropriate behavior among at-risk and socially-emotionally skilled children — related
- At-risk children in SWPBIS schools were significantly less likely to be referred to special education than at-risk peers in comparison schools — related
- In SWPBIS-trained schools the share of students with an office discipline referral fell slightly but significantly (18.8% to 18.1%), with no comparison-school data — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
swpbis-reduces-odr-at-risk-high-risk |
title |
At-risk children in SWPBIS schools are slightly less likely to receive an office discipline referral than at-risk peers in comparison schools (41.3% vs 46.5%, d = -0.13) |
description |
At-risk children in SWPBIS schools are slightly less likely to receive an office discipline referral than at-risk peers in comparison schools (41.3% vs 46.5%, d = -0.13) |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2015 |
source_checked |
2026-10-20 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-14 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — bradshaw-2015 |
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