SWPBIS reduces the odds of receiving an office discipline referral¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2012 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Children in SWPBIS schools were 33% less likely to receive an office discipline referral than children in comparison schools (AOR = 0.67). → Catherine P. Bradshaw 2012

Evidence¶

Catherine P. Bradshaw 2012¶

Catherine P. Bradshaw, Tracy E. Waasdorp, Philip J. Leaf. (2012). Effects of School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on Child Behavior Problems. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0243

q3 · i? · causal · r3

Multilevel logistic regression in the 4-year group RCT on aggregated dichotomous teacher-reported ODR indicators; children in SWPBIS schools were "33% less likely to receive an ODR" (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.57–0.79). No standardized effect size is printed for this finding.

"The final set of multilevel analyses in- dicated that children in SWPBIS schools were 33% less likely to receive an ODR than those in the comparison schools (AOR = 0.67, [0.57 –0.79], P , .001)"

Studies bearing on this claim¶

Does school-wide PBIS reduce office discipline referrals and exclusions compared with schools not running it? This table gathers the studies behind this claim and the 8 narrower claims that bear on it: 6 distinct studies (5 causal, 1 design), q2–q3, 3 of 6 with an effect size coded. One row per study, codes as each entry records them; no effect is averaged and no verdict is drawn. Built by scripts/synthesize_claim.py from eval/synthesis/; a row that looks wrong is fixed on the claim it comes from.

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• SWPBIS effects on discipline referrals and school services tended to be greatest among children rated at-risk or high-risk at baseline — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• SWPBIS does not significantly reduce out-of-school suspensions in this trial — related
• At-risk children in SWPBIS schools are slightly less likely to receive an office discipline referral than at-risk peers in comparison schools (41.3% vs 46.5%, d = -0.13) — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• SWPBIS reduced receipt of counseling for inappropriate behavior among at-risk and socially-emotionally skilled children — related
• Schools implementing all three PBIS tiers with fidelity had significantly fewer students with OSS, fewer days missed from OSS, and fewer OSS incidents than matched non-PBIS schools during 2020–21 — related
• School suspension rates declined significantly within SWPBIS schools but not within comparison schools, though the two conditions were not tested against each other — related
• In SWPBIS-trained schools the share of students with an office discipline referral fell slightly but significantly (18.8% to 18.1%), with no comparison-school data — related
• Out-of-school suspensions decreased 41% at a middle school implementing PBIS under the TEAM Student framework — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Students in MTSS-coached schools were significantly less likely to have at least one behavior incident — related
• A home visit before the school year reduced the likelihood of a disciplinary incident (effect size = +0.10) — related
• Implementing PBIS with at least Tier 1 fidelity showed no statistically significant effect on school disciplinary exclusions during the 2020–21 pandemic year — related