Synchronous communication is the most common collaboration support integrated in educational VRLs, and few labs offer none¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In the reviewed corpus, synchronous communication tools are the most frequent form of communication support in educational VRLs, and only 5 publications provide no communication tools at all. → Kurtz 2025

Evidence¶

Kurtz 2025¶

Kurtz, M., Benabbou, A., Pons, C., & Broisin, J. (2025). Collaboration in virtual and remote laboratories for education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11412-025-09454-7

q2 · i? · review · r2

Systematic review coding of communication tools across the 62 analysed publications. Synchronous communication occurred in 33 publications, both modes in 15, and "synchronous communication is the most frequent (n = 33)". Five publications provide no communication tools and two are asynchronous-only.

"Communication modalities in VRL environments, as presented in Table 5, reveal that synchronous communication is the most frequent (n = 33), followed by VRLs that support both synchronous and asynchronous modes (n = 15)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Group awareness tools showing peer presence, peer activities, or multiple artifacts are integrated in many educational VRLs, but performance and teacher-presence indicators are never standalone
• Only a minority of VRL studies assess collaboration quality or learning, but most studies that measure learning report positive impact
• Guidance tools supporting collaboration are relatively uncommon in educational VRLs, integrated in only 13 of 62 reviewed systems — related
• Collaborative VRLs are predominantly STEM-focused, virtual, non co-located, synchronous, and 2D — related