In a masked-priming lexical decision task, both Chinese and Japanese speakers show a TC effect, with TC primes producing faster responses than control nonword primes¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Both Japanese and Chinese participants responded faster to base words primed by TC pseudowords than by control nonwords at all prime times. → Geng Yaoyao 2026

Evidence¶

Geng Yaoyao 2026¶

Geng Yaoyao, Morita Aiko. (2026). A Comparison of Transposed-Character Effect Between Chinese and Japanese Speakers: Processing Position Information of Hanzi and Kanji Characters. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-026-10279-0

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Masked-priming lexical decision experiment with 63 Chinese and 63 Japanese speakers, prime times of 60, 150 and 300 ms, analyzed with LME models on log-transformed RTs. The language × prime type interaction was marginally significant (χ2(2) = 5.987, p = .050), and the quoted post-hoc tests show TC facilitation in both language groups.

"Post-hoc tests showed that both Japanese and Chinese participants exhibited a TC effect ( for Japanese: β = − 0.058, SE = 0.007, t = − 7.865, p(tukey) < .001; for Chinese: β = − 0.073, SE = 0.007, t = − 10.022, p(tukey) < .001)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Word frequency does not modulate the transposed-character effect in either experiment — related
• A supplementary analysis restricted to TC and control nonword primes shows the TC effect is marginally larger for Chinese than Japanese speakers — related
• In a single-word lexical decision task, Chinese speakers show a transposed-character effect in reaction times and error rates while Japanese speakers do not — related
• The TC effect grows with prime time: it is significantly larger at 300 ms than at 60 ms and 150 ms, and does not decrease with longer prime time — related