Ninth-grade teachers vary substantially and systematically in the grades they give¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q3
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i? A ninth-grade teacher one standard deviation above or below the mean in total grade effect gives grades about 0.379-0.421 of a letter grade different from an average teacher's grades for similar students. → McKenzie 2025
q3 i? Teachers two standard deviations from the mean give grades about 0.8 of a GPA point higher or lower than average teachers. → McKenzie 2025
Evidence¶
McKenzie 2025¶
McKenzie, R. & Allensworth, E. (2025). Variability in the Grades Teachers Give: Teacher Grade Value-Add, Mismatch, and Long-Term Effects. American Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312251345094
q3 · i? · associational · r2
Value-added analysis of CPS administrative records for ninth-grade cohorts 2011-12 to 2017-18, using adjusted standard deviations. The article reports total grade effect variation of 0.379-0.421 letter grades per SD and about 0.8 GPA points (0.758-0.841) at two SDs, "higher or lower than average ninth-grade teachers give to similar students in similar courses."
"A ninth-grade teacher with a total grading effect one standard deviation above or below the mean gives grades that are, on average, 0.379 - 0.421 of a letter grade different than an average ninth-grade teacher gives to students with similar incoming achievement and demographics in similar classes"
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Teachers' persistent grade effects predict students' long-term outcomes — related
- Teacher grade effects show spillovers to students' broader ninth-grade outcomes — related
- Ninth-grade teachers' grade effects are stable across years — related
- Long-term effects of grading mismatch are smaller and more nuanced than those of persistent effects — related
- Grades are lower in classes with higher-achieving peers, consistent with teachers adjusting expectations rather than grading on a curve — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
teacher-total-grade-effects-vary-substantially |
title |
Ninth-grade teachers vary substantially and systematically in the grades they give |
description |
Ninth-grade teachers vary substantially and systematically in the grades they give |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2025 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-08 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — mckenzie-2025 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.