Reviewed articles identify tokenism, resource limitations, loss of Elders, and emotional-political challenges as risks in using TES¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? The reviewed articles warn of four challenge categories: tokenism/appropriation/caricature of Indigenous knowledges, resource limitations, passing of Elders and loss of knowledges, and emotional and political challenges. → Gardner-Vandy 2025

Evidence¶

Gardner-Vandy 2025¶

Gardner-Vandy, K., Utley, J., Just, A., Hathcock, S., & Stansberry, S. (2025). A Systematic Mapping Literature Review on Two-Eyed Seeing in P-20 Education. Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543251329570

q2 · i? · review · r2

The review's synthesis of challenges across the 13 articles lists "the risk of tokenism, appropriation, and/or caricature of Indigenous knowledges" first, followed by resource limitations, loss of Elders, and emotional and political challenges. Michie et al. (2018) state incorporation must be "done with and by Indigenous peoples."

"Challenges discussed in the articles include: 1) the risk of tokenism, appropriation, and/or caricature of Indigenous knowledges; 2) resource limitations; 3) the passing of Elders and loss of Indigenous knowledges; and 4) the emotional and political challenges inherent to including Indigenous knowledges into curricula."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Included research studies suggest TES with land-based and experiential pedagogies deepens student engagement in post-secondary education — related
• Peer-reviewed literature on Two-Eyed Seeing in P-20 education is concentrated in Canada and published between 2009 and 2021 — related