Threat and deprivation show overlapping effects on PFC-amygdala connectivity and hippocampal volume¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2020 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2025: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Both threat and deprivation have been linked to negative PFC-amygdala connectivity in late childhood and adolescence, and both abuse and neglect have been demonstrated to have specific effects on hippocampal volume. → Karen E. Smith and Seth D. Pollak 2020

Evidence¶

Karen E. Smith and Seth D. Pollak 2020¶

Karen E. Smith and Seth D. Pollak. (2020). Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y

q2 · i? · review · r2

Narrative review synthesis reporting convergent findings across the deprivation/threat literature. The review states "both threat and deprivation have been linked to negative PFC– amygdala connectivity in late childhood and adolescence" and that both abuse and neglect affect hippocampal volume. No effect sizes are printed.

"both threat and deprivation have been linked to negative PFC– amygdala connectivity in late childhood and adolescence [ 51, 55]. Additionally, both threat experiences such as abuse and deprivation experiences such as neg- lect have been demonstrated to have specific effects on hippocampal volume [ 53, 56, 57]."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Chronicity, developmental timing, and intensity of adversity exposure shape children's neurobiological stress responses — related
• Early life stress produces structural and functional alterations in prefrontal-hippocampal-amygdala circuits in animals and humans, with reduced hippocampal volume among the most reliable human findings — related
• Unpredictability and lack of contingent caregiver responding in childhood is associated with increased adolescent externalizing behaviors and altered prefrontal-hippocampal-amygdala circuits — related
• Threat-related psychopathology associations appear more consistently mediated by stress response systems than deprivation-related ones — related
• The probability of school failure increases as a function of the timing and length of children's exposure to relational adversity — related
• Exposure to adverse early circumstances affects the developing brain in ways that increase risk for later problems — a broader claim this one bears on
• Children exposed to early adversity are at increased risk for a broad range of developmental difficulties affecting both cognitive and emotional adjustment — a broader claim this one bears on