Retention declines with interval (time-dependent forgetting) across images, details, and details-per-image measures¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2018 · checked against its sources 2026-10-26 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Participants in the 28-day and 9-day conditions recalled fewer images than those in the 1-h condition, showing a typical time-dependent forgetting curve. → MacLeod 2018

Evidence¶

MacLeod 2018¶

MacLeod, S., Reynolds, M. G. & Lehmann, H. (2018). The mitigating effect of repeated memory reactivations on forgetting. npj Science of Learning 3:9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-018-0025-x

q3 · i? · causal · r2

The image-recall ANOVA showed a significant interval main effect, F(2, 155) = 108.72, p < 0.001, with LSD pairwise comparisons showing ordered forgetting from 1 h to 9 days to 28 days.

"the participants in the 28-day condition remembered signi ficantly fewer images than the participants in the 9-day condition ( p < 0.01), and the 1-h condition ( p < 0.001). The participants in the 9-day condition also remembered signi ficantly fewer images than the participants in the 1-h condition ( p < 0.001)."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• At the 28-day retention interval, both descriptive and component reactivations outperform both controls, with relative gains of 58.8–67.2% for images and over 100% for details — related
• Reactivations do not increase false memories: no reactivation effect on falsely recalled images or details — related
• Repeated retrieval practice alters the rate at which learned items are forgotten, according to learn-to-criterion studies and forgetting-curve analyses the chapter reviews — related
• Retrieval practice produces reliable positive effects at short delays, although some forgetting must set in so that the final test is not at ceiling — related
• The retrieval (TTST) advantage appeared at both short (5 min) and long (24 h) retention delays, with no reliable evidence that it differed between them — related
• Only descriptive reactivation improves memory precision (correct details per recalled image) — related
• Descriptive reactivations significantly improve free recall of images compared with distractor and no-reactivation controls — related
• Weekly brief reactivations during a 30-day retention interval reduce forgetting of numeric facts relative to controls — related