Tutor accuracy in applying the contingency rule showed no significant association with children's posttest outcome, efficiency, or autonomy, with near-zero correlations¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r3 · q2 · i0 negligible
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i0 Correlations between percentage of correct tutor operations and posttest measures were negligible (r = .05, −.01, .04), with Bayes evidence for zero correlations. → Smit 2025

Evidence¶

Smit 2025¶

Smit, N., de Kleijn, R., Wicherts, J. M., & van de Pol, J. (2025). What it takes to tutor—A preregistered direct replication of the scaffolding experimental study by D. Wood et al. (1978). Journal of Educational Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000965

q2 · i0 · causal · r3

Exploratory correlational analysis (N = 63) of contingent-condition sessions relating tutor correctness to child posttest performance; all three correlations were nonsignificant and negligible (outcome r = .05, efficiency r = −.01, autonomy r = .04), with BF01 values of 6.3, 6.4, and 6.0 showing substantial evidence for zero correlations.

"we also correlated the percentage of correct tutor opera-tions in the instruction phase ( N = 63) with performance in the posttest phase but found no signi ficant associations for outcome scores ( r = .05, p = .72), ef ficiency ( r =− .01, p = .94), or autonomy ( r = .04, p = .75)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• In the replication, children's posttest outcome scores did not significantly differ across the four instructional conditions, failing to replicate the contingent-instruction advantage of D. Wood et al. (1978) — related
• The replication successfully reproduced the original study's execution of contingent instruction, with tutors applying the contingency rule in 68.9% of interventions versus 70% in 1978 — related