An online PD program using unplugged explainable machine-learning activities increased K–12 educators' AI self-efficacy from below-moderate to above-moderate levels¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r1 · q2
Currency · newest study 2026 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? After the online professional development intervention, participants' AI self-efficacy increased from below-moderate to above-moderate levels. → Sung 2026

Evidence¶

Sung 2026¶

Sung, W., & Gunpinar, Y. (2026). Bringing Artificial Intelligence Literacy Into Online Education: Machine-Learning Integration Through Geometry in K–12 Teacher Professional Development. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 27(2), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v27i2.9140

q2 · i? · causal · r1

Pre/post study of an online PD program with ten K–12 educators who created explainable feature matrices to classify geometric shapes. The article reports "positive changes across all constructs" and the self-efficacy shift from below-moderate to above-moderate; no effect size is printed.

"Findings demonstrated positive changes across all constructs, with participants' AI self-efficacy increasing from below-moderate to above-moderate levels."

Discussion¶

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