A strength in verbal reasoning partly compensates for geometry and fraction delays in children with DLD at the individual level¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · associational r2 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 2025 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i3 DLD children with a verbal-reasoning strength performed significantly better in geometric skills than DLD children without it, ηp2 = .30. → Kleemans 2025 q2 i3 DLD children with a verbal-reasoning strength performed significantly better in fraction skills than DLD children without it, ηp2 = .51. → Kleemans 2025 (2)

Evidence¶

Kleemans 2025¶

Kleemans, T., Vissers, C. T. W. M., & Segers, E. (2025). Linguistic precursors of sixth-grade geometric and fraction skills in children with and without Developmental Language Disorder. Learning and Instruction, 95, 102019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102019

q2 · i3 · associational · r2

Follow-up MANCOVA within the DLD group (strength vs. no strength in verbal reasoning, covariates: SES, age, sex). DLD children with the strength scored within the normal range on geometry, F(1,41) = 17.57, ηp2 = .30.

"children with DLD that have strength in verbal reasoning skills performed significantly better in geometric skills (F (1,41) = 17.57, p < .001, ηp2 = .30) and fraction skills (F(1,41) = 42.05, p < .001, ηp2 = .51) compared to DLD children without this strength."

Kleemans 2025 (2)¶

Kleemans, T., Vissers, C. T. W. M., & Segers, E. (2025). Linguistic precursors of sixth-grade geometric and fraction skills in children with and without Developmental Language Disorder. Learning and Instruction, 95, 102019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102019

q2 · i3 · associational · r2

Same MANCOVA: for fraction skills the strength effect was F(1,41) = 42.05, p < .001, ηp2 = .51. Verbal reasoning was the only predictor in which the proportion of DLD children with strengths did not differ from TD peers.

"children with DLD that have strength in verbal reasoning skills performed significantly better in geometric skills (F (1,41) = 17.57, p < .001, ηp2 = .30) and fraction skills (F(1,41) = 42.05, p < .001, ηp2 = .51) compared to DLD children without this strength."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Geometric Reasoning — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• A strength in arithmetic skills did not distinguish geometric or fraction skills among DLD children — related
• Children with DLD show significantly more weaknesses and fewer strengths across linguistic and cognitive precursors than TD peers, except in verbal reasoning and arithmetic — related
• Children with DLD score below TD peers on arithmetic, geometric, and fraction skills in the upper primary grades — related
• Children with developmental language disorder and strong verbal reasoning could partly compensate delays in mathematics at the individual level, though group-level analyses revealed no protective effects (reported by the editors, citing Kleemans et al.) — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)
• Academic vocabulary, verbal reasoning, nonverbal reasoning, and working memory directly predict sixth-grade geometric and fraction skills — related