Bayesian analyses provide strong evidence that the modality effect reverses in VR for recall, comprehension and germane load¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Bayesian independent samples t-tests indicated the recall data were about 12 times more likely under the hypothesis that the visual-only group scores higher than under the reverse. → Patrick Albus 2023

Evidence¶

Patrick Albus 2023¶

Patrick Albus, Tina Seufert. (2023). The modality effect reverses in a virtual reality learning environment and influences cognitive load. Instructional Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-022-09611-7

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Bayesian independent samples t-tests run because the only prior VR study (Baceviciute et al., 2020) found a reverse effect. Recall showed strong evidence for the reverse pattern (BF0− = 12.48); comprehension BF0− = 11.60 and transfer BF0− = 9.12 also favored it.

"BF0− = 12.48, which means that our data for recall are approximately 12 times more likely to occur under H0 (i.e., that the visual-only group shows higher learning outcome scores than the audio-visual group)"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• No difference in extraneous cognitive load between modality conditions in VR, contrary to the modality principle — related
• No difference in intrinsic cognitive load between visual-only and audio-visual text conditions in VR — related
• Visual-only text produces higher germane cognitive load than audio-visual text in VR — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• In an immersive VR learning environment, visual-only text yields higher recall than audio-visual text (reverse modality effect) — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Visual-only text yields higher transfer than audio-visual text in immersive VR — related
• Visual-only text also yields higher comprehension than audio-visual text in immersive VR — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• In one meta-analysis, modality-effect studies using virtual reality head-mounted displays show larger effects than studies using computer screens or audio-tapes — reports the opposite