Curated set of measurement instruments for humanlikeness, anthropomorphism, and related constructs¶

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Description¶

The article curates existing measurement instruments (Table 2) organized by what they capture: design-level humanlikeness (the ABOT database with "Feature-presence scores for 16 humanlike appearance features, and 2 mechanical locomotion features"), trait anthropomorphism (IDAQ, IDAQ-CF, ATS), state anthropomorphism (Godspeed, HRIES, AR measure), machinelikeness, and technomorphism. Full item lists and scoring procedures are provided in supplementary materials to support principled study design and evaluation.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Some measures are flagged by the review as needing further empirical or theoretical work, e.g., the machine trait scale and the Technomorphic Tendencies Scale

Constraints¶

• The Godspeed anthropomorphism subscale includes both attribution and humanlike appearance items, mixing the constructs the review distinguishes

Target Learners¶

• HRI and HCI researchers
• study designers

Target Learning Goals¶

• Measuring humanlikeness, trait and state anthropomorphism, and related constructs in empirical studies

Claims¶

Related Elements¶

Examples¶

• Treat humanlikeness as a tunable design parameter and anthropomorphism as an evaluation metric

Key Sources¶

• Phillips, E. K., & de Visser, E. J. (2026). Humanlikeness as design, anthropomorphism as inference: a conceptual framework for human–robot interaction. Frontiers in Cognition. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2026.1786256