Tough's list of twelve common self-teaching tasks¶

Element · All elements
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 review), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

In constructing his 1967 study, Tough derived from pedagogic literature, his own self-education experience, colleague conversations and pilot interviews "a list of twelve 'common' self teaching tasks", including choosing the learning goal, deciding how to achieve it, obtaining resources, dealing with doubts about success, estimating current knowledge or skill, and deciding whether to continue after reaching a goal. The review notes a majority of these tasks are rational in character, relating to choosing, deciding, considering, estimating or dealing with.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• The task list served as the framework within which respondents assessed their own learning experiences in Tough's survey instrument.

Constraints¶

Target Learners¶

• adult self-teachers planning their own learning projects

Target Learning Goals¶

• planning and managing independent learning projects

Claims¶

• Tough's 1971 study found nearly all adults had undertaken a learning project in the past year, 68% self-planned and under 1% for credit, with women's categories logging fewer hours [+W]

Related Elements¶

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Percy, K., Burton, D., & Withnall, A. (1994). Self-Directed Learning among Adults: The Challenge for Continuing Educators. Association for Lifelong Learning. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED382882