Include more than one informant in future school climate study designs¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 review), q3 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

Because most school climate measures target student respondents and self-report formats, the review recommends broadening informant pools. The article states that "future studies should consider including more than one informant in their design", arguing that triangulation increases validity and reliability, helps understand discrepancies, and minimizes both analytical and ethical risks, providing a more comprehensive and insightful view of school climate phenomena.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Study designs must accommodate respondents beyond students, such as teachers, staff, and families

Constraints¶

Target Learners¶

• Middle and secondary school students, teachers, staff, and families

Target Learning Goals¶

• Accurate, triangulated measurement of school climate

Claims¶

• School climate measurement relies heavily on student self-report questionnaires, with families and observational methods rarely represented [+W]

Related Strategies¶

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Castro, C., Barata, M. C., Alexandre, J., & Santos, R. (2026). Placing Social and Emotional Support at the Center of School Climate: A Scoping Review of Measures for Middle and Secondary Schools. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10192-x