Future CB-PA research and practice should use standardized, ecologically valid outcome measures, objective activity parameters, and longitudinal designs¶

Strategy · All strategies
Evidence · no claims cited

Description¶

The review's future-directions section recommends that "future research should use similar subjective measures and standardized objective tests, which will allow comparisons between studies," and that measuring tools be "not only ... valid and reliable, but also ecologically valid," since a significant effect on a cognitive test score does not necessarily indicate improved academic abilities. It further calls for longitudinal studies over extended periods, assessment of students' age, sex and motivation, objective CB-PA parameters to ensure intervention fidelity, and evaluation of student and teacher satisfaction.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Qualified personnel are needed to design PA strategies tailored to enhance children's attentional functions

Constraints¶

• A statistically significant effect on the scores of a cognitive test does not necessarily indicate an improvement in the academic abilities and skills needed in school

Target Learners¶

• school-aged children and adolescents aged 4–18 years

Target Learning Goals¶

• attentional functions and on-task behavior at school

Related Strategies¶

• Combine cognitive tasks and ecological teacher questionnaires when measuring children's inhibition for academic research
• Research and training programs should differentiate age periods, sporting disciplines, and compare physically active with cognitively active groups
• Direct future self-regulation research toward standard methods of reporting SR outcomes to address substantial heterogeneity in outcome measures.

Examples¶

-

Key Sources¶

• Ruhland Stefanie, Lange Klaus W. (2021). Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on attention and on-task behavior in schoolchildren: A systematic review. Sports Medicine and Health Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.003