Computer roles as division of labor: expert, partner, and servant, each with goals, concerns, and contradictions¶

Theory · All theories
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 theoretical), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

The paper's Table 1 organizes the division of labor between computers and single users in terms of the role the computer plays: expert, intellectual partner, or servant. For each role it lists goals (desirable outcomes such as scaffolding or off-loading onerous mental tasks), concerns (undesirable outcomes such as encouraging over-reliance on the authority of the computer or reducing executive control), and questions (contradictions), such as what information and skills ought people have in their heads as solo performers. The paper notes such roles are fluid and may be operative at different points during use of the same program.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Distinguishing the roles depends less on the capabilities of the tool than on how much goal direction is assumed by the computer versus consciously retained by the user

Constraints¶

• The paper states the division could be conceptualized in multiple ways and that the roles are fluid, operative at different points during use of the same program

Target Learners¶

• single computer users in educational and workplace settings

Target Goals¶

• identifying desirable and undesirable cognitive influences of computer use and the tensions they create

Claims¶

• Effects With Versus Effects Of Computer [+M]

Related Patterns¶

Examples¶

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Key Sources¶

• Gilbert, L. S. (1999). Where Is My Brain? Distributed Cognition, Activity Theory, and Cognitive Tools. Proceedings of the AECT National Convention. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED436153