Krashen's five hypotheses (acquisition-learning, natural order, monitor, input, affective filter) serve as the principles for second language acquisition in bilingual programs¶

Theory · All theories
Evidence · 1 claim (1 for) · 1 study (1 theoretical), q2 · 0 of 1 report an effect size · 1 claim rests on one study

Description¶

The packet states principles for second language acquisition are best stated by Krashen's (1981) five hypotheses: acquisition-learning, natural order, monitor, input, and affective filter. The input hypothesis holds that students acquire language by understanding input containing structures "a bit beyond" their current level, and the affective filter hypothesis holds that acquirers in a less than optimal affective state have a mental block preventing full use of input. The packet operationalizes these into three requirements for bilingual education: provide comprehensible input in the weaker language, maintain subject matter, and maintain and develop the child's first language.

Design Implications¶

Context¶

Requirements¶

• Bilingual programs applying the hypotheses must provide comprehensible input in the weaker language, maintain subject matter, and maintain and develop the child's first language

Constraints¶

• The packet states not all teaching methods provide comprehensible input, naming grammar-translation and audio-lingual type methods as examples that do not

Target Learners¶

• K-12 bilingual students
• second language acquirers

Target Learning Objectives¶

• second language acquisition
• fluency and academic language development

Claims¶

• A 1982 bilingual-education teacher-training packet asserts, citing Krashen, that repetitive drill and grammar-focused instruction are ineffective for second language acquisition [+W]

Related Theories¶

• Krashen's five hypotheses of second language acquisition as principles for bilingual program design
• Krashen's Monitor Model: five hypotheses distinguishing subconscious acquisition from conscious language learning
• Krashen's input hypothesis and Monitor Model of second language acquisition
• Krashen's Monitor Model: acquisition versus learning as separate internal rule systems
• Comparative framework of three SLA theories (Krashen, Complexity, Socio-cognitive) by philosophy and characteristics
• The Comprehension Hypothesis: comprehensible input as the crucial ingredient of second language acquisition

Examples¶

• Teacher training packets operationalize communicative competence theory through workshop activities, pre/posttests, and guided discussion rather than expert knowledge alone

Key Sources¶

• Calderon, Margarita; DiPietro, Robert J.; Larsen-Pusey, Mary Ann; Rubio, Olga. (1982). Methods and Techniques for Communicative Competence in Bilingual Education, Packet II. Series B. Teacher Edition. Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Dallas. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED226608