16PF-derived predicted-effectiveness indices correlate with supervisor and client ratings (.41, .87), but the review judges use of the 16PF for trainee selection premature¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r3 · q2 · i3 large
Currency · newest study 1975 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 2 of 2 entries) · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 1978: tool and model accuracy changes quickly

Subclaims¶

Reading the evidence codes

q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.

This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.

q2 i3 Wittmer and Lister found a significant correlation (r = .41) between supervisor ratings on the CERS and a 16PF specification-equation index of predicted counseling effectiveness. → Rowe 1975 q2 i3 Shelton reported a high correlation (r = .87) between the client-rating criterion and the 16PF specification equation. → Rowe 1975 (2)

Evidence¶

Rowe 1975¶

Rowe, Wayne; Murphy, Harry B.; De Csipkes, Robert A. (1975). The Relationship of Counselor Characteristics and Counseling Effectiveness. Review of Educational Research, 45(2). https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543045002231

q2 · i3 · review · r3

The review reports the Wittmer and Lister (1971) study of 53 subjects, in which GRE scores were unrelated to the CERS but the 16PF specification-equation index showed a printed correlation of r = .41 with supervisor ratings. The review attributes the finding to that study.

"While the scores on the GRE were unrelated to the CERS, a significant correlation (.41) was found between supervisor ratings on this scale and an index of predicted counseling effectiveness derived from the 16PF specification equation (McClain, 1968)."

Rowe 1975 (2)¶

q2 · i3 · review · r3

The review reports Shelton's (1973) study using a composite client-rating on the Counseling Evaluation Inventory as criterion, which yielded a printed correlation of r = .87 with the 16PF specification equation. The review attributes this finding to Shelton.

"In addition, Shelton reported a high correlation (.87) between the criterion and the 16PF specification equation."

Discussion¶

Quality of the therapeutic relationship and counseling effectiveness are not correlated with each other, though both correlate with therapist experience — related
Global-judgment criteria of counselor effectiveness lack clarity, making replication fruitless and the research unproductive — related
Clients of high-facilitative counselors engage in significantly more self-exploration than clients of low-facilitative counselors — related
Standardized test batteries are poor predictors of counselor trainee success — related
Most investigated counselor personality variables are not significantly related to effectiveness criteria, and variables significant in one study often show contrary results when re-investigated — related
Self-actualization (POI) correlates of rated counseling performance reported by Foulds could not be confirmed on replication — related
Calls to use the 16PF for selecting counselor trainees are premature because findings vary and the specification equation lacks cross-validation — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)

Page metadata

Field	Value
`type`	`claim`
`id`	`16pf-specification-equation-correlations-premature`
`title`	`16PF-derived predicted-effectiveness indices correlate with supervisor and client ratings (.41, .87), but the review judges use of the 16PF for trainee selection premature`
`description`	`16PF-derived predicted-effectiveness indices correlate with supervisor and client ratings (.41, .87), but the review judges use of the 16PF for trainee selection premature`
`status`	`review`
`evidence_strength`	`mixed`
`newest_evidence`	`1975`
`source_checked`	`2026-10-20`
`recheck_by`	`1978`
`generated`	by `process:wiki-ingest` on `2026-10-20`
`trust`	unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content
`sources`	2 — `rowe-1975`, `rowe-1975-2`

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