Each additional period of exposure to social and economic adversity accumulates to produce greater effects on educational and cognitive outcomes, though effects may plateau at a threshold¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (2 entries) · review r3 · q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Nineteen studies found that each additional period of exposure resulted in a greater effect on education and cognition. → Molly Grant 2023 q2 i? Three studies found non-linear accumulation with a threshold effect beyond which additional exposure no longer increased the effect. → Molly Grant 2023 (2)

Evidence¶

Molly Grant 2023¶

Molly Grant, Kane Meissel, Daniel Exeter. (2023). Promoting Temporal Investigations of Development in Context: a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research Linking Childhood Circumstances and Learning-related Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09734-4

q2 · i? · review · r3

The accumulation sub-theme summarizes 19 studies measuring the number of childhood exposure periods; the review states "each additional period of exposure resulted in a greater effect on education and cognition," visualized in Table 1.

"The 19 studies of accumulation are displayed in Table 1 and illustrate that each additional period of exposure resulted in a greater effect on education and cognition."

Molly Grant 2023 (2)¶

Molly Grant, Kane Meissel, Daniel Exeter. (2023). Promoting Temporal Investigations of Development in Context: a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research Linking Childhood Circumstances and Learning-related Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09734-4

q2 · i? · review · r3

In Croft et al.'s institutionalization study as reviewed, children with two and three periods of institutionalization "did not differ in their non-verbal abilities," suggesting a threshold effect at two periods of exposure.

"However, children with two and three periods of institutionalization did not differ in their non-verbal abilities, indicating that a threshold effect may have been reached at two periods of exposure."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Adverse Experiences — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Chronic (persistent) exposure to adverse social and economic circumstances is associated with greater effects on children's educational and cognitive outcomes than intermittent or no exposure — related
• Most longitudinal studies of childhood social and economic circumstances find evidence that temporality (duration, timing, or mobility of exposure) relates to educational and cognitive outcomes — a broader claim this one bears on
• Chronicity, developmental timing, and intensity of adversity exposure shape children's neurobiological stress responses — related
• Movement in and out of social and economic exposure (mobility) across childhood has implications for educational and cognitive outcomes, with upward and downward changes differing in benefit and risk — related