Most longitudinal studies of childhood social and economic circumstances find evidence that temporality (duration, timing, or mobility of exposure) relates to educational and cognitive outcomes¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · review r3 · q3
Currency · newest study 2023 · checked against its sources 2026-10-22 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Across the duration, timing, and mobility themes, 66 of 75 reviewed studies (88%) found evidence supporting temporality in associations between childhood circumstances and educational/cognitive outcomes. → Molly Grant 2023

Evidence¶

Molly Grant 2023¶

Molly Grant, Kane Meissel, Daniel Exeter. (2023). Promoting Temporal Investigations of Development in Context: a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Research Linking Childhood Circumstances and Learning-related Outcomes. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09734-4

q3 · i? · review · r3

The review's own synthesis of 75 longitudinal studies, thematically analyzed via reflexive TA, reports that "a total of 66 studies (88%) found evidence to support temporality" across the three temporal themes.

"Across these three themes, a total of 66 studies (88%) found evidence to support temporality."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Adverse Experiences — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes
• Socioeconomic Status — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause

Related Claims¶

• Each additional period of exposure to social and economic adversity accumulates to produce greater effects on educational and cognitive outcomes, though effects may plateau at a threshold — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Chronic (persistent) exposure to adverse social and economic circumstances is associated with greater effects on children's educational and cognitive outcomes than intermittent or no exposure — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Movement in and out of social and economic exposure (mobility) across childhood has implications for educational and cognitive outcomes, with upward and downward changes differing in benefit and risk — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Specific developmental stages of exposure show distinct effects: antenatal maternal mental health was significant in all pregnancy-stage studies, and early-childhood economic resourcing showed significant associations with outcomes — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• A minority of longitudinal studies (12%) found no evidence that temporality of childhood circumstances relates to educational and cognitive outcomes — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Neighborhood context is a transient ecological setting, with many families moving between neighborhood disadvantage quintiles during childhood — related
• The racial disparity in long-term exposure to the most disadvantaged neighborhoods is more pronounced than the disparity at any single age — related
• Prior research has linked moving during childhood with adverse educational and behavioral adjustment outcomes, with the disruptive nature of moving cited as the underlying factor — related