Adults use a mix of retrieval and procedural strategies in single-digit arithmetic, with retrieval more frequent in multiplication and procedures more frequent in subtraction¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associational r2 · q3 · i2 medium
Currency · newest study 2010 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i2 Retrieval was used more frequently in multiplication than in subtraction, procedures were used more frequently in subtraction than in multiplication, and participants with dyslexia showed significantly less retrieval and more procedure use than controls. → Bert De Smedt 2010

Evidence¶

Bert De Smedt 2010¶

Bert De Smedt, Bart Boets. (2010). Phonological processing and arithmetic fact retrieval: Evidence from developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3973–3981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.018

q3 · i2 · associational · r2

Strategy-distribution ANOVAs on trial-by-trial verbal reports in the 25 dyslexia vs 25 control study. Retrieval use showed an operation main effect (ηp² = .12) and a group main effect (F(1, 47) = 11.16, p < .01, ηp² = .19); procedure use showed the reverse pattern (operation F(1, 47) = 28.05, p < .01, ηp² = .37).

"There was a main effect of operation ( F(1, 47) = 6.13, p = .02, /DC1p2 = .12), indicating more frequent retrieval use in multiplication than in subtraction."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Adults with DD rely on time-consuming back-up strategies like finger usage for single-digit arithmetic, with prolonged response latencies that appear number-specific — related
• Adults with dyslexia execute both retrieval and procedural arithmetic strategies more slowly than controls
• The association between phonological awareness and fact retrieval is prominent in multiplication but largely absent in subtraction at the subgroup level
• Adults with developmental dyslexia use arithmetic fact retrieval less frequently than matched controls during single-digit multiplication and subtraction — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
• Adults with dyslexia are slower than controls on single-digit arithmetic, with a larger multiplication-minus-subtraction reaction-time difference, even after controlling digit identification speed — related
• Phonological awareness is uniquely associated with multiplication fact retrieval frequency, in both dyslexia and control groups — related
• Multiplication employs fact retrieval processes to a larger extent than addition and subtraction, though the regressive difference is slight — possibly the same claim (merge candidate)