Attributing outcomes to Allah's will among some PSMTs functioned as probabilistic reasoning, not mere personalist belief¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · qualitative r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2021 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Type s* thinkers invoked Allah's will not as a cause of the baby's gender but as a factor that may alter the predicted outcome, maintaining randomness and variability, and were judged to show a certain level of probabilistic reasoning. → Elbehary 2021

Evidence¶

Elbehary 2021¶

Elbehary, S.G.A. (2021). Reasoning under uncertainty within the context of probability education: A case study of preservice mathematics teachers. Pythagoras, 42(1), a630. https://doi.org/10.4102/pythagoras.v42i1.630

q2 · i? · qualitative · r2

Qualitative coding of giving-birth responses; two PSMTs gave 50% yet added that the outcome is a matter of Allah's will. The article contrasts this with prior work treating God's-will attributions as personalist interpretation, citing Chassapis and Chatzivasileiou's (2008) Jordanian–Greek comparison.

"Also, s* thinkers adopted Allah’s will not as a cause that influences the baby’s gender, but rather to reveal some out-of-control circumstances that may alter the predicted outcome"

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Statistical Reasoning — predictor: learners who differ on it differ in outcomes

Related Claims¶

• Some outcome-oriented PSMTs (types o and o) predict single-trial outcomes, and type o thinkers conflate causality with conditionality — related
• Mathematically oriented PSMTs exhibit equiprobability and insensitivity-to-prior-probability biases — related
• Subjectively oriented reasoning emerged in the giving-birth context but disappeared in the die-rolling task — related
• Beliefs about action and willpower, shaped by discussion, causally alter behaviour such as cheating and persistence — related