When pretest scores were controlled, the posttest attitude difference between the visual-materials and traditional groups was not statistically significant, though the experimental group's adjusted mean was higher¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr1·q2
Currency · newest study 2011 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? ANCOVA of posttest GWAS scores adjusted for pretest showed no meaningful group difference, F(1-44)=3.48, p>.05, with experimental mean 3.83 versus control 3.70. → Aykut Emre Bozdogan 2011
Evidence¶
Aykut Emre Bozdogan 2011¶
Aykut Emre Bozdogan. (2011). The Effects of Instruction with Visual Materials on the Development of Preservice Elementary Teachers' Knowledge and Attitude Towards Global Warming. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ932241
q2 · i? · causal · r1
ANCOVA on posttest GWAS scores of both groups (Table 7, R Squared = .572): the group effect was not significant after controlling for pretest; the experimental mean (3.83) was descriptively higher than the control mean (3.70).
"Analysis of covariance results showed that when pretest total scores were controlled, it was not meaningful with respect to posttest adjusted mean scores [F (1-44)=3.48, p>.05]."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Post-test environmental attitudes did not differ significantly between experimental and control groups in the ANCOVA — related
- Visual-materials instruction produced a statistically significant within-group increase in global warming attitudes (d = 0.93), while traditional instruction did not (d = 0.33) — related
- Descriptive gains show the experimental group's attitude change exceeded the control group's, and pretesting had no effect on the intervention — related
- Instruction with visual materials rectified more global warming misconceptions than traditional instruction (about 40% versus about 12% success) — related
- All six interviewed experimental-group preservice teachers said visual materials changed their outlook on global warming and made them follow related news more attentively — related
- Environmentally friendly behaviors increased far more in the visual-materials group (about 65%) than in the control group (about 4%) — related
- Caricature animations in the online learning environment did not significantly change students' attitudes toward humor — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
status |
review |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-11-01 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.