In an appetitive PIT transfer phase, both males and females show a direction bias, choosing cue-congruent responses more than incongruent ones, with no sex difference¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q3·i3large
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q3 i3 Participants of both sexes made a greater percentage of congruent than incongruent responses during appetitive transfer, with a large within-subjects effect (ηp2 = 0.35). → Luigi A. E. Degni 2024
q3 i? Estimation statistics showed no difference between males and females in choice direction. → Luigi A. E. Degni 2024
Evidence¶
Luigi A. E. Degni 2024¶
Luigi A. E. Degni, Sara Garofalo, Gianluca Finotti, Francesca Starita, Trevor W. Robbins & Giuseppe di Pellegrino. (2024). Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00246-6
q3 · i3 · causal · r2
Experiment 1, a lab appetitive PIT experiment with 22 women and 20 men, tested the direction bias with a 2x2 mixed ANOVA on percentage of responses; the response main effect was significant (F1,40 = 21.39; p < 0.001; BF10 = 2.34×106) with printed effect size ηp2 = 0.35, showing "a greater number of congruent responses" in both sexes.
"Specifically, participants of both sexes showed a greater number of congruent responses (males: M = 0.67; SD = 0.22; females: M = 0.65; SD = 0.23) compared to incongruent responses (males: M = 0.33; SD = 0.22; females: M = 0.35; SD = 0.23)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
Related Claims¶
- The direction bias is absent of sex modulation in the aversive PIT context as well, with no male-female difference in direction bias — related
- In an appetitive PIT transfer phase, motivational cues speed responding (intensity bias) in males only; females show no intensity bias — related
- Sex differences in the intensity bias emerge despite comparable baseline liking, wanting, hunger, and instrumental learning between males and females — related
- Male and female subjects responded differently, confounding interpretation — related
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