The direction bias is absent of sex modulation in the aversive PIT context as well, with no male-female difference in direction bias¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr1·q2·i0negligible
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i0 No difference in direction bias was found between males and females in the aversive transfer phase, with a negligible effect size (dcohen = -0.04). → Luigi A. E. Degni 2024
Evidence¶
Luigi A. E. Degni 2024¶
Luigi A. E. Degni, Sara Garofalo, Gianluca Finotti, Francesca Starita, Trevor W. Robbins & Giuseppe di Pellegrino. (2024). Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00246-6
q2 · i0 · associational · r1
Experiment 2 compared direction bias indices between males and females with an independent-samples t-test; the test found "no differences" between the groups (dcohen = -0.04) and the mean difference was centered around 0 (Δmean = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.17 0.2]).
"For the direction bias (Fig. 5A), no differences (t36 = −0.12; p = 0.9; dcohen = −0.04; BF10 = 0.32) were found between males (M = 0.12; SD = 0.3) and females (M = 0.11; SD = 0.29)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
Related Claims¶
- In an appetitive PIT transfer phase, both males and females show a direction bias, choosing cue-congruent responses more than incongruent ones, with no sex difference — related
- In an appetitive PIT transfer phase, motivational cues speed responding (intensity bias) in males only; females show no intensity bias — related
- In an aversive PIT paradigm, the intensity bias (stronger grip force) is again present in males but not females, showing the sex difference is valence-independent — related
- Sex differences in the intensity bias emerge despite comparable baseline liking, wanting, hunger, and instrumental learning between males and females — related
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