In an aversive PIT paradigm, the intensity bias (stronger grip force) is again present in males but not females, showing the sex difference is valence-independent¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr2·q2·i3large
Currency · newest study 2024 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
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q2 i3 Males showed a significantly larger aversive intensity bias index than females, with a large effect size (dcohen = -0.78). → Luigi A. E. Degni 2024
Evidence¶
Luigi A. E. Degni 2024¶
Luigi A. E. Degni, Sara Garofalo, Gianluca Finotti, Francesca Starita, Trevor W. Robbins & Giuseppe di Pellegrino. (2024). Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions. npj Science of Learning. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00246-6
q2 · i3 · causal · r2
Experiment 2 re-analyzed data from a previously published aversive PIT study (18 women, 20 men), comparing grip-force intensity bias indices between sexes with independent-samples t-tests; grip force overlapped with 0 in females and was above 0 in males, with printed effect size dcohen = -0.78.
"For the intensity bias (Fig.5B), a significant increase and weak Bayesian evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis ( t36 = −2.39; p = 0.02; dcohen = −0.78; BF10 = 2.73; Δmean = 0.012, 95% CI [0.001 0.02]) was found in males ( M = 0.02; SD = 0.01) as compared to females ( M = 0.005; SD = 0.02)."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Gender — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
Related Claims¶
- In an appetitive PIT transfer phase, motivational cues speed responding (intensity bias) in males only; females show no intensity bias — related
- The direction bias is absent of sex modulation in the aversive PIT context as well, with no male-female difference in direction bias — related
- Sex differences in the intensity bias emerge despite comparable baseline liking, wanting, hunger, and instrumental learning between males and females — related
- Male and female subjects responded differently, confounding interpretation — related
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