Background variables (need for cognition, test anxiety, mindset, puzzle experience) showed no consistent moderating patterns across the three experiments¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causalr?·q2
Currency · newest study 2023 · checked against its sources 2026-10-22 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Exploratory moderator analyses of background variables yielded few significant results and no consistent patterns across the three experiments. → Emely Hoch 2023
Evidence¶
Emely Hoch 2023¶
Emely Hoch, Yael Sidi, Rakefet Ackerman, Vincent Hoogerheide, Katharina Scheiter. (2023). Comparing Mental Effort, Difficulty, and Confidence Appraisals in Problem-Solving: A Metacognitive Perspective. Educational Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09779-5
q2 · i? · causal · r?
Footnote in the experiments' method section reporting that exploratory moderator tests of self-perception and belief measures (e.g., need for cognition, test anxiety, growth mindset) produced "no consistent patterns" and were therefore not reported in detail.
"Background variables were also exploratively examined as possible moderators in all three experiments. However, since few significant results and, in particular, no consistent patterns emerged, the results are not reported for the sake of brevity."
Discussion¶
Learner Variables¶
- Academic Anxiety — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it
- Affect Regulation — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it
- Need for Cognition — moderator: an instructional effect differs with it
Related Claims¶
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Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
background-moderators-no-consistent-patterns |
title |
Background variables (need for cognition, test anxiety, mindset, puzzle experience) showed no consistent moderating patterns across the three experiments |
description |
Background variables (need for cognition, test anxiety, mindset, puzzle experience) showed no consistent moderating patterns across the three experiments |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
weak |
newest_evidence |
2023 |
source_checked |
2026-10-22 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-10-22 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — emely-hoch-2023 |
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