Black and Latinx students generally feel less safe at school than their White peers¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · theoretical r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2022 · checked against its sources 2026-10-20 (automated, 1 of 1 entry) · not reviewed by a person · recheck by 2027: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? Black and Latinx students generally feel less safe at school than White peers, and Black students feel consistently less safe in the classroom than White and Asian classmates. → Trout 2022

Evidence¶

Trout 2022¶

Trout, L., Pate, C., Wu, K., & McKenna, J. (2022). Reimagining school safety: A guide for schools and communities. WestEd. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED628885

q2 · i? · theoretical · r2

The guide reports, citing Lacoe (2015) and Nakamoto et al. (2019), that "Black and Latinx students generally feel less safe at school than do their White peers." No effect sizes or sample sizes are printed in the guide.

"Black and Latinx students generally feel less safe at school than do their White peers, and Black students also feel consistently less safe in the classroom compared to their White and Asian classmates (Lacoe, 2015; Nakamoto et al., 2019)."

Discussion¶

Learner Variables¶

• Race and Ethnicity — predictor: outcomes differ by group: a gap reflecting circumstances and treatment, not a cause
• Safety — outcome: instruction changes it

Related Claims¶

• Achievement declines from 2019 to 2022 were smaller for Asian American and White first and second graders than for Hispanic, Black, and AIAN students — related
• Black, AIAN, and Latinx students made 55-68% of typical math gains and 73-86% of typical reading gains during the pandemic, while Asian American students made 88-100% — related
• Black and Latinx students were less likely than their peers to be in the On-Track category, and within each race/ethnicity group boys were less likely to be on-track than girls — related
• Graduation rates by age 19 in Chicago varied substantially by race/ethnicity and gender, with African-American boys lowest (39 percent) and Asian girls highest (85 percent) — related
• Poor White students consistently outperformed poor Black and poor Hispanic students in achievement, with gaps widening around ages 7-8 — related
• American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, and Latinx students and students in high-poverty schools were disproportionately impacted by pandemic-era achievement declines, particularly in elementary grades — related
• A racial school-climate gap exists: White and Asian students generally report higher safety, support, and connectedness than African American, American Indian, and Hispanic students — a broader claim this one bears on
• In one study summarised in a policy brief, students and teachers who learned their commonalities through getting-to-know-you surveys reported more positive relationships, students earned higher grades, and achievement gaps for Black and Latinx students closed by more than 60% — related
• Providers reported racial and gender bias within their local business communities, with many feeling less supported than other businesses due to their race — related
• White and Asian staff report more positive school climates than African American and Hispanic staff, irrespective of their school's student racial composition — related
• White teachers' deficit thinking about Black students produces a negative campus racial climate and unfriendly teacher-student relationships — related
• Student-reported safety and classroom behavior are more positive in top-quartile schools, and students feel less safe outside school than inside — related
• National racial violence significantly reduced belonging and confidence among Black and Latinx STEM students relative to white peers — related
• Minoritized students reported lower belonging where peers endorsed more fixed mindset beliefs, with an asymmetric pattern — related