A combined visual-motor-articulatory-auditory spelling method with teacher-directed attention produces better spelling than a predominantly visual silent method in young low-ability boys¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · causal r2 · q3
Currency · newest study 1913 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person

Subclaims¶

q3 i? Standard II boys learning 30 words by a combined visual, motor-articulatory, and auditory method with directed attention spelled significantly more words correctly (average 17.6) than comparable boys learning 30 words by a predominantly visual silent method (average 15.8), with the difference 5 times its probable error. → Winch 1913

Evidence¶

Winch 1913¶

Winch, W. H. (1913). Experimental researches on learning to spell. I. The Journal of Educational Psychology. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1412810

q3 · i? · causal · r2

Controlled experiment with 53 Standard II boys in a London elementary school. Two equal-difficulty word lists were learned by different methods over four 10-minute practice periods across four days, then tested by dictation after a three-day interval. The difference of 1.8 words between the "combined simultaneous method with directed attention" and the "predominantly visual" method was 5 times its probable error.

"After learning, the results for Set A average 17.6, and for Set B average 15.8. The correlation-coefficient between the results for Set A and Set B is +.90. The difference between the averages is 1.8 and the 'probable error' of that difference is .36. Thus the difference between the averages is 5 times its 'probable error'"

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Both directed multisensory and silent visual spelling methods produced large improvement from baseline after 40 minutes of practice spread over four days — related
• The superiority of the combined directed method held across all ability levels, with the advantage present in every section of a grouped correlation table — related
• The two word lists were confirmed to be of equal difficulty before practice, with a correlation of +.93 between performance on the two lists — related