Country classifications of control type differ sharply by domain: mixed control dominates assessment, internal control dominates curriculum¶

Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study (4 entries) · associational r2 · q2
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2024: baselines and conditions change

Subclaims¶

q2 i? In assessment, 26 countries fell in the mixed control group and only four in consistent external control; in curriculum, only three countries met consistent external control criteria while 22 met consistent internal control. → Kim 2019

Evidence¶

Kim 2019¶

Kim, T. & Yun, J. T. (2019). Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(119). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4597

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Classification of TALIS 2013 countries into consistent external, mixed, and consistent internal control using absolute (10%/90%), relative (±1.5 SD), and subjective break-point criteria. The article reports "the majority of the countries (26) were included in the mixed control group" for assessment.

"in assessment, the majority of the countries (26) were included in the mixed control group while only four countries were in the consistent external control group."

Kim 2019 (2)¶

Kim, T. & Yun, J. T. (2019). Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(119). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4597

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Same classification applied to the curriculum domain: "only three countries met the criteria for consistent external control and 22 countries met the criteria for consistent internal control," the strongest internal-control pattern of the four domains.

"In curriculum, only three countries met the criteria for consistent external control and 22 countries met the criteria for consistent internal control."

Kim 2019 (3)¶

Kim, T. & Yun, J. T. (2019). Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(119). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4597

q2 · i? · associational · r?

Human-resource domain classification from the same Table 3 analysis: 16 countries consistent internal, 11 consistent external control over appointing or hiring teachers.

"In HR, 16 countries were found to have reported consistent internal control and 11 countries were categorized as consistent external control."

Kim 2019 (4)¶

Kim, T. & Yun, J. T. (2019). Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(119). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4597

q2 · i? · associational · r2

Budget domain classification from Table 3: 19 countries mixed control and eight consistent internal control over deciding on budget allocations within the school.

"In budget, we assigned 19 countries to the mixed control group and eight countries to the consistent internal control group."

Discussion¶

Related Claims¶

• Distributions of external control scores differ across school-function domains, with curriculum skewing toward internal control — related
• Across 38 countries, external control is highest in assessment and lowest in curriculum and budget — related
• A few countries follow relatively pure accountability logics, but most countries follow mixed forms — related
• Extreme country cases: Spain reports universal external control of hiring while the Netherlands reports universal internal control of HR, curriculum, and budget — related