Across 38 countries, external control is highest in assessment and lowest in curriculum and budget¶
Claim · All claims
Evidence · 1 study · associationalr2·q2
Currency · newest study 2019 · not yet checked against its sources · not reviewed by a person · overdue for a recheck since 2024: baselines and conditions change
Subclaims¶
Reading the evidence codes
q is the design tier, i the impact, n the sample, and the kind with its r
the rigour judged within that kind: what each code means.
This claim: no standardized effect is recorded in observations/ for it yet, so no benchmark reading is possible.
q2 i? Country-average external control scores across all countries are 0.61 for assessment, 0.47 for HR, 0.31 for curriculum, and 0.39 for budget, indicating relatively higher external control in assessment and lower in curriculum and budget. → Kim 2019
Evidence¶
Kim 2019¶
Kim, T. & Yun, J. T. (2019). Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(119). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4597
q2 · i? · associational · r2
Descriptive analysis of TALIS 2013 principal reports from 38 countries (7,436 public lower-secondary schools), computing each country's average external control score in four school-function domains. The printed means show "external control in assessment, HR, curriculum, and budget are: 0.61, 0.47, 0.31, and 0.39."
"Across all countries, the total mean scores of external control in assessment, HR, curriculum, and budget are: 0.61, 0.47, 0.31, and 0.39, respectively."
Discussion¶
Related Claims¶
- Country classifications of control type differ sharply by domain: mixed control dominates assessment, internal control dominates curriculum — related
- Distributions of external control scores differ across school-function domains, with curriculum skewing toward internal control — related
- A few countries follow relatively pure accountability logics, but most countries follow mixed forms — related
- Extreme country cases: Spain reports universal external control of hiring while the Netherlands reports universal internal control of HR, curriculum, and budget — a narrower finding that bears on this claim
- Accountability strengths lie in school climate and communication while stakeholder-involved vision evaluation scores lowest — related
Page metadata
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
type |
claim |
id |
external-control-highest-assessment-lowest-curriculum |
title |
Across 38 countries, external control is highest in assessment and lowest in curriculum and budget |
description |
Across 38 countries, external control is highest in assessment and lowest in curriculum and budget |
status |
review |
evidence_strength |
moderate |
newest_evidence |
2019 |
recheck_by |
2024 |
generated |
by process:wiki-ingest on 2026-09-27 |
trust |
unverified — no one has confirmed this page's content |
sources |
1 — kim-2019 |
Frontmatter is the page's machine-readable record — see the Schema & Guide.